<col> tag

The <col> tag uses to define column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element.So we can say that the <col> tag is useful for applying styles to entire columns, instead of repeating the styles for each cell, for each row.
The declaration order affects the each column respectively(just like if you define col for first/second column it show its affect only for first/second column.).This order can be affected by the use of the "span" attribute. This attribute can be used in this tag to affect more than one column with the same declaration. col tag defines in the colgrp tag in table tag.
The most common attributes available for this tag are purely presentational (align, valign, width, char and charoff).We may also use css properties for same work. The <col> tag has no end tag In HTML,while has properly closed tag in XHTML.

You can understand use of <col> tag by a simple example:-

e.g.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>This example shows a colgroup that has four columns of different widths:</p>
<table border="1">
<colgroup span="3">
<col width="50" background: red;></col>
<col width="100" background: green;></col>
<col width="150" background: yellow;></col>
<col width="50" background: pink;></col>
</colgroup>
<tr>
<td>col 1</td>
<td>col 2</td>
<td>col 3</td>
<td>col 4</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>


Result:-
col 1 col 2 col 3 col 4


The following attributes can be set for the <col> tag:-

<br> Tag Attributes

<br clear="none|left|right|all">

Attribute Value Description
align left Data is aligned to the left.It is default value.
center Data is aligned to center
right Data is aligned to right
justify Data is justified.
char The text is aligned to a specific character
charoff number number of characters the content will be aligned from the character specified by the char attribute.Not supported in HTML5.
span number number of columns a <col> element should span
valign top Data is aligned to the top.
middle Data is vertically centered.
bottom aligned to the bottom.
baseline All the cells in a row with this alignment should have their first text line on a common baseline.
width %
pixels		 width of a <col> element


Conclusion:--

So the <col> tag use for specifying column properties for each column within a colgroup. You would normally only use this tag if the values for each column is different. Otherwise, you can specify the properties as part of the colgroup tag.

<col> tag का उपयोग colgrp में प्रत्येक column की अलग-अलग properties परिभाषित करने में किया जाता है आपको इस tag को तब use करना चाहिए जब प्रत्येक कॉलम के लिए आपको भिन्न-भिन्न properties use करनी हो अन्यथा सभी columns को समान properties देने के लिए colgrp tag में properties define करनी चाहिए.
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<br> tag (line breaking tag)

The <br> tag is also known a line breaking tag. The HTML <br> tag produces a single line break.It means the text/image use the <br> tag will be moved to the next line. It is useful for writing a poem or an address or giving gap. we should not use <br> tag to increase the more gap between lines of text; use the CSS margin property or the <p> tag.
The <br> tag is an empty tag ,it has no end tag.We can make a line break without changing paragraph by using br tag,that is also important use of line break tag. The line break tag is the <br> tag in HTML and <br/> in XHTML.

You can understand use of <br> tag by a simple example:-

e.g.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>
This is first line.<br/>above it we use br tag. </p>
</body>
</html>


Result:-

This is first line.
above it we use br tag.



The following attributes can be set for the <br> tag:-

<br> Tag Attributes

<br clear="none|left|right|all">

Attribute Value Discription
clear none It is default value which causes the new line,start below the current line.
left cause the new line to start below images or objects floated on the left.
right cause the new line to start below images or objects floated on the right.
all cause the new line to start below images and objects floated on the left and right.


Example:-

<!DOCTYPE>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Test</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf- 8">
</head>
<body>
<p>
This is before the br tag.
</p>
<p>This is before the br tag.<br>This is after the br tag.<br clear="center">
This is after the br tag using the clear attribute.</p>
</body>
</html>

Result:-

This is before the br tag.

This is before the br tag.
This is after the br tag.
This is after the br tag using the clear attribute.



Use of   &nbsp;  :-
Defines single space beween text.Generally when we want to give multiple or large space we use many &nbsp; .Just like we want to make space equal to ten characters we use it ten times.
e.g.
<p>Hindi is National &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Language of india. </p>

Result:-

Hindi is National       Language of india.



Conclusion:--

So the <br> tag use to insert a single line break in paragrapgh or text.

<br> tag का उपयोग पैराग्राफ को चेंज किये बिना ही नई लाइन से text आरम्भ करने के लिए करते है <br> tag को line breakin tag के नाम से भी जाना जाता है इसका उपयोग addres ,poem ,और gap देने के लिए किया जाता है जब हमें ज्यादा gap देना हो तो margin का उपयोग करना चाहिए इसके use और उपयोग करने का तरीका आप ऊपर दिए गए example से समझ सकते है
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<big> tag

The <big> tag tag defines bigger text.We use it when we want to show specific text bigger than normal text in the paragraph. The <big> tag is not supported in HTML5.

YOu can understand how to use <big> tag by following example:-



e.g.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>This is normal text.</p>
<p><big>This is bigger text.</big></p>
</body>
</html>

Result:-

This is normal text.

This is bigger text.



Conclusion:--

So the <big> tag is used to make the text bigger than normal font size.It is generally use when you want to show specified text bigger than other

<big> tag का उपयोग टेक्स्ट या अक्षरो को बड़ा करने के लिए किया जाता है जब हम किसी पैराग्राफ में किसी specific टेक्स्ट को विशेष रूप से दिखाना चाहते है तो हम उस टेक्स्ट के साथ<big> tag जोड़ देते है जिससे वो टेक्स्ट दूसरे टेक्स्ट की तुलना में बड़ा दिखाई देता है <big> tag HTML5 में support नहीं करता है
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<bdo> tag


The <bdo> tag use to to override the text direction.It reffered to Bi- Directional Override.
This tag is useful when we want to display right- to-left written text (such as Hebrew, Arabic that are written from right to left) within left-to- right text (such as English) or vice versa.

YOu can understand how to use <bdo> tag by following example:-



e.g.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<p>This text will go left-to-right.</p>
<p><bdo dir="rtl">This text will go right-to- left.</bdo></p>
</body>
</html>

Result:-

This text will go left-to-right.[because there is direction is in auto mode that is decided by browser according to language.]

This text will go right-to-left.



The following attributes can be set for the <bdo> tag:-

Attribute Value Discription
dir ltr override left-to-right direction
rtl override right-to-left-direction


dir attribute is used to set the direction to ltr (left-to-right) or rtl (right-to-left).

values for dir tag:-

ltr: Indicates left-to-right direction.
rtl: Indicates right-to-left direction.
auto: The browser decides which direction based on the element's content.


Conclusion:--

So the <bdo> tag is used to set the opposite direction within specified text direction.Just like when you are writing arebic(that is written from right to left) and you want to add english(that is written from leftt to rightt) within arebic text you can use bdo tag as we explain above to write english.

<bdo> tag का उपयोग परिभाषित टेक्स्ट डायरेक्शन(जो डायरेक्शन आप use कर रहे है ये right to left या left to right हो सकती है ) के टेक्स्ट के बीच में opposite डायरेक्शन के टेक्स्ट को लिखने के लिए किया जाता है जैसे की जब आप अरेबिक भाषा लिख रहे है जो की right से left दिशा में लिखी जाती है और इसके बीच में इंग्लिश टेक्स्ट लिखना चाहते है जो की left से right डायरेक्शन में लिखी जाती है तो आप <bdo> tag का use कर सकते है
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<basefont> tag

The <basefont> tag use to specify the default font-size,text-color or font-family for all the text in Webpage. That tag is not supported in html5. The <basefont> tag also define in header of webpage.

You can understand it by a simple example:-

e.g.

<head>
<basefont color="green" size="7">
</head>
<body>
<h1>My name is Ndal.</h1>
<p>My name is Ndal.</p>
</body>


Result:-

My name is Ndal.

My name is Ndal.



The following attributes can be set for the <basefont> tag:-

Attribute Value Description
color color specify color
face font-family defines font-style
size number size of text
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<base> tag

The <base> tag use to specify the base URL adress for all relative URLs in Webpage. Once you set the base url in the header then all subsequent relative links will use that URL as a starting point. The tag has no end tag in HTML but in XHTML it must be closed properly.

You can understand it by a simple example:-

e.g.

<head>
<title>Indianwebschool</title>
<base href="http://www.indianwebschool.com/">
</head>
<body>
<p><a href="contact.html"></a>
<div><img src="images/logo.jpg" alt="logo" /></div>
</body>


Result:-

logo

The location of the above image is http://www.indianwebschool.com/images/logo.jpg.

In the above example the main url once specified in <base> tag and then the end of url have to add.
in the above example the main url is 'http://www.indianwebschool.com/' and end part of urls are different that is in case of anchor tag is 'contact.html' while in the image url end part is 'images/logo.jpg'.

**The relative links just like ("contact.html") will relate to url specified in <base> tag inside header.So there is no need to specified fully url at every where.


The following attributes can be set for the </base> tag:-

Attribute Value Description
href URL specify url
target _blank
_parent
_self
_top		 Target where location will be open
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<b> Tag

The HTML <b> tag is used for specifying bold text.It is also a HTML5 tag.

You can understand it by a simple example:-

e.g.:-

<b>This text is BOLD!</b>

Result:- This text is entirely BOLD!


Do not confuse the <b> element with the <mark>, <em>, or <strong> elements. The <strong> element use to represents text of certain importance, <em> puts some emphasis on the text and the <mark> element represents text of certain relevance. .The <b> element doesn't convey such special semantic information; use it only when no others fit.

Do not use <b> tag for titles and headings. For this purpose, use the <h1> to <h6> tags.
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<audio> tag

The HTML <audio> tag is used to embed sound content in webpage. You can play and pause the media by setting src attribute to identify the media source and including a controls attribute.

In the HTML5 it does not require to specify audio formats to browsers. But most commonly used audio formats are ogg, mp3 and wav. You can use <source> tag to specify media address(url). An audio element allows multiple source elements (different source address) and browser will use the first recognized format.
You can understand it by a simple example:-

e.g.

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<body>
<audio controls autoplay>
<source src="/touch/audio.ogg" type="audio/ogg" />
<source src="/touch/audio.wav" type="audio/wav" />
Your browser does not support the <audio> element. </audio>
</body>
</html>


Result:-


Tips:-

** There are some limitations on the types of files that can be used. Currently any browser that is based on Webkit, such as Chrome and Safari, supports the use of regular .mp3 files. Others, such as Firefox, only support the .ogg format.**
*The controls attribute adds audio controls, like play, pause, and volume.
*Audio controls autoplay use to play the audio file automatically.
*The playback volume of any audio portions, in the range 0.0 (silent) to 1.0 (loudest).
*Multiple elements can link to different audio files. The browser will use the first recognized format.
*Any text inside the between will be displayed in browsers that do not support the <audio> tag.

The following attributes can be set for the </audio> tag:-

Attribute Description
autoplay Specifies that the audio will start playing as soon as it is ready
controls Specifies that audio controls should be displayed (such as a play/pause button etc)
loop Specifies that the audio will start over again, every time it is finished
muted Specifies that the audio output should be muted
src Specifies the URL of the audio file


Control attribute shows that audio controls should be displayed.
<audio control="Play|Pause|Seeking|Volume">

The audio will start over again,until you pause it.
<audio loop="loop">

preload Attribute
<audio preload="auto|metadata|none">


Some time you want to play audio but don't want to see audio player that time you can use <hidden> attribute .

You can understand by above example:-

e.g.

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<body>
<audio controls autoplay hidden="true">
<source src="/audio.ogg" type="audio/ogg" />
<source src="/audio.wav" type="audio/wav" />
Your browser does not support the <audio> element. </audio>
</body>
</html>


Result:-


Here audio player is hidden but audio is playing.


You can use also div tag to hide audio player
<div style="display:none">
<embed src="sound.mp3"/>
</div>
Sometimes you wants make your website animated and for this you want to add sound with links(when cursor go over link sound play).

You can understand by above example:-

e.g.

<p style="padding-left:294px;"><a href="http://www.watchtvlive.in/p/home.html"onmouseover="mouseoversound.playclip()">HOME</a>
| <a href="http://www.watchtvlive.in/p/we-are-not-owner-of-filespicturesvideos.html"onmouseover="mouseoversound.playclip()">About us</a>
| <a href="http://www.watchtvlive.in/p/contact.html">Contact</a>
|<a href="http://www.watchtvlive.in/p/advertise-with-us.html" target="_blank">Advertise with us</a>
|<a href="http://www.watchtvlive.in/p/admin.html" target="_blank"onmouseover="mouseoversound.playclip()">Admin</a>
</p>
<script>
var html5_audiotypes={ //define list of audio file extensions and their associated audio types. Add to it if your specified audio file isn't on this list:
"mp3": "audio/mpeg",
"mp4": "audio/mp4",
"ogg": "audio/ogg",
"wav": "audio/wav"
}
function createsoundbite(sound){
var html5audio=document.createElement('audio')
if (html5audio.canPlayType){ //check support for HTML5 audio
for (var i=0; i<arguments.length; i++){
var sourceel=document.createElement('source')
sourceel.setAttribute('src', arguments[i])
if (arguments[i].match(/\.(\w+)$/i)) sourceel.setAttribute('type', html5_audiotypes[RegExp.$1])
html5audio.appendChild(sourceel)
}
html5audio.load()
html5audio.playclip=function(){
html5audio.pause()
html5audio.currentTime=0
html5audio.play()
}
return html5audio
}
else{
return {playclip:function(){throw new Error("Your browser doesn't support HTML5 audio unfortunately")}}
}
} //Initialize two sound clips with 1 fallback file each:
var mouseoversound=createsoundbite("https://googledrive.com/host/0B69IAToT7u3TRTBtUi1zZnpFems")
var clicksound=createsoundbite("https://googledrive.com/host/0B69IAToT7u3TRTBtUi1zZnpFems")
</script>


Result:-

HOME | About us | Contact | Advertise with us | Admin|

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<aside> tag

The <aside> tag use to relate aside content to the surrounding content.The <aside> tag includes in HTML5 tags.It is easy HTML Tag that you can understand by a simple example.
The following example shows how to an aside is used to mark up background material on Australia in a much longer news story.

e.g.

<aside>
<h1>Australia</h1>
<p>The largest country in Oceania, the largest country without land borders,
and the largest country wholly in the Southern Hemisphere.</p>
</aside>

Result:-


You can get better meaning of aside tag by knowing how to use an aside tag to mark up a pull quote in a longer article.

e.g.

<p>I'm
paid to do my hobby.</p>
<aside>
<q> People ask me what I do for fun when I'm not at work. so I never
know what to answer. </q>
</aside>


Result:-

I'm paid to do my hobby.



Conclusion:- When we want to relate aside content to the surrounding content,we use <aside> tag.
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Article Tag

The <article> tag includes in HTML5 tags. The <article> tag is used to represent an article. The <article> tag specifies independent, self-contained content.More specifically,the content within the
tag is independent from the other content.
<article> element may include a Forum post,Blog post,News story,user- submitted comment etc. We also use <article> on ‘static’ content pages,just like the About and Contact pages, as <article> can be used for “any other independent item of content. an <article> element typically has a heading.

You can understand use of <article> tag by a comment example:-

e.g.:-

<article class="tour_review">
<header>
<h2>TaJ Mahal</h2>
</header>
<section class="user_reviews">
<article class="user_review">
<p>It's sign of love.</p>
<footer>
<p>
Posted on <time datetime="2013-05-16 15:00">May 16</time> by Ndal.
</p>
</footer>
</article>
<article class="user_review">
<p>Taj Mahal is glory of india.</p>
<footer>
<p>
Posted on <time datetime="2015-05-17 19:00">May 17</time> by
Krishna. </p>
</footer>
</article>
</section>
<section class="main_review">
<p>trip were great!</p>
</section>
<footer>
<p>
Posted on <time datetime="2015-05-15 19:00">May 15</time> by Nandlal.
</p>
</footer>
</article>


Result:-

TaJ Mahal

It's sign of love.

Posted on by Ndal.

Taj Mahal is glory of india.

Posted on by Krishna.

trip were great!

Posted on by Nandlal.



The publication date and time of an <article> element can be described using the pubdate attribute of a <time> element.
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Area Tag

The <area> tag use to define an area inside an image-map.An image-map is a image have more clickable images inside it,just like various locations in map.When you click on that image the new webpage will be open that is linked with that image.
The <area> element is always nested inside a <map> tag. The usemap attribute in the <img> tag is associated with the <map> tag and creates a relationship between the image and the map. In HTML the <area> tag has no end tag while in Xhtml the <area> tag has. Generally You have a image that is related to a single link,but in image-map there is various images which are assosiated with different locations.

You can understand <area> tag with a simple example:-

e.g.:-

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML area Tag</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="http://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-vl88LT8- 2VI/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAAADk/qZP_A1aQNZo/s80-c/photo.jpg" alt="usemap" border="0" usemap="#tutorials"/>
<map name="tutorials">
<area shape="poly" coords="74,0,113,29,98,72,52,72,38,27" href="/perl/index.htm" alt="Perl Tutorial" target="_blank" />
<area shape="rect" coords="22,83,126,125" alt="HTML Tutorial" href="/html/index.htm" target="_blank" />
<area shape="circle" coords="73,168,32" alt="PHP Tutorial" href="/php/index.htm" target="_blank" />
</map>
</body>
</html>


Result:-            usemap Perl Tutorial HTML Tutorial PHP Tutorial


The following attributes can be set for the </area> tag:-

Attribute Value Description
alt text Specifies an alternate text for the area.
coords if shape="rect" then
coords="left,top,right,bottom"
if shape="circ" then
coords="centerx,centery,radius"
if shape="poly" then
coords="x1,y1,x2,y2,..,xn,yn"		 Specifies the coordinates
appropriate to the shape attribute
to define a region of an image for image maps.
download filename Specifies that the target
gets downloaded when hyperlink
is clicked by user.
href URL Specifies the URL of a page or
the name of the anchor
that the link goes to.
hreflang language_code Specifies the language of the
target URL.
media media query Specifies media/device the target
URL is optimized for.
nohref true/false Excludes an area from the image
map
shape rect,rectangle,circ,
circle,poly,polygon		 Specifies the shape of the image
map


Please comment in comment box if you understand <area> tag and have any query regarding it.--
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Applet Tag

The HTML <applet> tag use to define an applet.By using applet tag we can embed a java applet in webpage.It is not supported in html5.
When we embed an applet in webpage,first we have to save it on our server.So we a applet embeded webpage loaded by a user applet also embed on that page.Sometime these applets take time for loading.
applets have the file extension 'class'.
just like:-

*** myfirstapplet.class ***


Some applets have more than one class files and other classes require for applet to run(such as jpg.or gif image).Before embeding an applet on your page you will have to upload all files on server.

You can understand it by an simplest example :-:-


<APPLET CODE=Appletclass.class WIDTH=anInt HEIGHT=anInt>
</APPLET>


The example shows that the browser load the applet whose named Appletclass. It also specifies the width and height in pixels of the applet.


You can understand it by another example:(These applets valid only in java browsers,so some browsers do not show the results of these applets.)-:-


Here is the newClass.java file:

import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class newClass extends Applet
{
public void paint (Graphics gh)
{
g.drawString("my first applet", 200, 100);
}
}


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML applet Tag</title>
</head>
<body>
<applet code="newapplet.class" width="200" height="100">
</applet>
</body>
</html>

Result:--

my first applet



Two HTML tags are used to applets: <Applet> and <Param>.
The <Applet> tag embeds the applet in your HTML page.
The <Param> tag is used to enter parameters for the applet.


It can be understand by simple example:-

<APPLET CODE=AppletSubclass.class WIDTH=anInt HEIGHT=anInt>
<PARAM NAME=parameter1Name VALUE=aValue>
<PARAM NAME=parameter2Name VALUE=anotherValue>
</APPLET>


The following attributes can be set for the </APPLET> tag:-

Attribute explanation example
Code Name of class file Code="myapplet.class"
height/Width=n n=Width of applet Width=200
Codebase Library where the applet is stored.
If the applet is in same directory as
your page this can be omitted.		 Codebase="applets/"
Alt="Text" Text that will be shown in browsers where
the ability to show applets has been turned off.		 alt="Menu Applet"
Name=Name Assigning a name to an applet can
be used when applets should
communicate with each other.		 Name="starter"
Vspace=n Space over and under the applet. Vspace=20
Hspace=n Space to the left and right of applet. Hspace=40


Please comment in comment box if you understand <applet> tag and have any query regarding it.--
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Address Tag

The <address> tag use to provide contact information on a page.It may include name,address,email,phone no.company name,etc. of the author of specific content on the website.The text between <address>/<address> usually show in italic font style.The <address> tag is includes in HTML5 tag.The <address> tag will typically be used in the header or the footer page.

YOu can understand how to use <address> tag by following example :-

e.g.

<header>
<hgroup>
<h3>लोग कम टैक्स नहीं चुकाते,
दरअसल सरकारें खर्च बहुत करती हैं।<h3>
<hgroup>
<<address>>by Jane Doe</<address>>
</header>

Result:-

लोग कम टैक्स नहीं चुकाते,
दरअसल सरकारें खर्च बहुत करती हैं।

by Jane Doe


The misconception about the <address> tag is that it may be used for postal <address>,just like

** This is not good! **
<address>
Dr.Amit<br/>
sanganer,jaipur/<br/>
Rajasthan-302029,/<br/>
Tel: +0141 XXX-XXXX
/<address>
</header>
.

We sholud not add postal <address> in <address> tag.

we can use in footer,just like:-

e.g.:-
<footer>
<address> <class="author">
<a title="Posts by Micheal" href="#">Micheal</a>
</address>
on <time datetime="2009-11-04" class="published updated">November 4th, 2009</time>
</footer>

Result:-



Please type your comment in comment box if you undeerstand about <address> tag and have any query regarding it. -

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Abbreviation Tag

The <abbr> represents an abbreviation.So it's called as abbreviation tag also.It is a HTML5 tag.It is used with *title* attribute.Generally it use when we want to write abbreviated or short name of specific company/NGO/organization.just like WHO,It is abbreviated form of World Health Organization.When a user put cursor on that text programmed between abbreviation tag it show full name of that organisation.
Generally organizations or companies famous by the name of abbreviated name or like to use abbreviated name rather than long name just like **TCS** that is abbreviated name of 'Tata Consutancy Services'.
So that time we use tag to abbreviate long name.

e.g.:-

<p><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> is the best thing since sliced web.</p>

Result:- HTML is the best thing since sliced web.

when you put cursor on HTML It shows 'HyperText Markup Language'



How to use it:-


<abbr> tag is an inline element, so we can use it like this:

<p><abbr title="World Health Organization">WHO</abbr> is the best health organization.</p>

Result:- WHO is the best health organization.



Since <abbr> is an inline element itself, So it can be used inside other inline elements, like <strong> or <a>:

e.g.:-

<p>The <a href="http://www.org"><abbr title="World Wide Web ">WWW</abbr></a> requires<abbr>HTML</abbr>programmed page.</p>

Result:- The WWW requiresHTMLprogrammed page.


***abbreviation tag is not always a series of uppercase letters. You can also use <abbr> to mark up a lowercase letters. For example:

<h4><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>is developed by <<abbr title="Incorporated">Inc.</abbr> compay</h4>

**title attribute require for showing full length of abbrevaited word.**

Use of css in <abbr> tag


<DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<style>
.abbr {border-bottom: 1px dotted black;}
</style>
<p>The <abbr class="abbr" title="World Health Organization">WHO</abbr> was Established in 1948.</p>
</body>
</html>

Result:- The WHO was established in 1948.


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Anchor Tag

The <a> tag is a hyperlink, which is used to link one page to another.It uses with many attributes but **href** is most important attribute that have destination of linked page. The general attributes use with <a> tag are:- download, hreflang, media, rel, target,title and type.
***These attributes are not useful without href.***

e.g.
<a href="http://watchtvlive.in">watchtvlive</a>
when you click on "watchtvlive" the destination page of that web address will be load or open on parent page or new tab.



href Attribute

 The href attribute specifies the URL of the linked page.
***withhout the href attribute, the <a> tag is not a hyperlink.***

how to add href in <a> tag:-

e.g.
<a href="http://watchtvlive.in">Livetv</a>

it will look like when you add in paragraph:-
<a href="watchtvlive.in">watchtvlive</a> is a live tv website. =watchtvlive is a live tv website.

<a href="add here your web address which you want to linked with this page or when user click on this link user go to that page">you can write anything here</a>
 


So we can say that it as main attribute of <a> tag and another attributes are sub attributes that used with href attribute.
Another use of href attribute:-
  • go to top
 <a href="#top">Go to top</a>  

When a user goes bottom of page,again use scroll bar to get on up,so by using this attribute when user click on link,user get on up without using scroll bar.


  • Link to an email address with a specified subject:

<a href="mailto:somebody@example.com?Subject=write here subject">Send mail!</a> when you have installed mail,then if you click on this mail link mail will automatically send to whose you want to mail.


  • Link to multiple email addresses with a specified subject and a specified message:

<a href="mailto:somebody@example.com?cc=someoneelse@example.com&bcc=andsomeoneelse@example.com &subject=write here subject&body=write here message">Send mail!</a>


  • Link to a JavaScript:

<a href="javascript:alert('Hello webschool!');">Execute JavaScript</a>



Sub Attributes


  • Tittle Attribution
 <a href="http://watchtvlive.in" title="watchlivetv">live tv</a> When cursor go on link text **live tv** it show **watchtvlive** It can use when you want to show brief specification of destination page.

  • Download Attribute
 The download attribute specifies that the target will be downloaded instead of open in new page or loading in same page when a user clicks on the link. The download tag is a HTML5 attribute. <a href="/image.jpg" download="watchtvlive"></a>


  • Target Attribute
 This attribute specifies that your destination page will load in parent page(or same page) or open in new tab. e.g.<br/> <a href="http://www.watchtvlive.in.com" target="_blank">watchtvlive</a> values for this attribute Value Description _blank Opens the linked page in a new window or tab _self Opens the linked page in the same frame that is default _parent Opens the linked page in the parent frame _top Opens the linked page in the full body of the window -framename Opens the linked document in a named frame
****e.g. <a href="http://www.watchtvlive.in.com" target="_blank">watchtvlive</a> in the tag line target is attribute while ***_blank is it's value.****


  • hreflang Attribute
this attribute specifies the language of the linked document. It is also a sub attribute for <a> tag. we can add it just like:- <a href="http://www.w3schools.com" hreflang="en">W3Schools</a>
e.g. of 2 letter codes english-en,hindi-hi,Arabic-ar
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HTML Introduction


HTML is reffered to a markup language for describing web documents (web pages).
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
A markup language is a set of markup tags(HTML tags)

HTML Tags
HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle("<>","</>") brackets:
The first tag in a pair is the start tag ("<>"), the second tag is the end tag(" </> ")
The end tag is like the start tag, but with a slash before the tag name
i.e. <a>-</a>,<p>-</p>,<h1>-</h1>.

Web Browsers
Web browsers (Chrome, IE, Firefox, Safari) use to read HTML documents and display them.

HTML Page Structure
Preview of HTML page structure:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>

<p>The <abbr class="abbr" title="World Health Organization">WHO</abbr> was Established in 1948.</p>

</body>
</html>


Example Explained
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration defines the document type to be HTML
The text between <html> and </html> describes an HTML document
The text between <head> and </head> provides information about the document
The text between <title> and </title> provides a title for the document
The text between <body> and </body> describes the visible page content


The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
It helps the browser to display a web page correctly.
The doctype declaration is not case sensitive. All cases are acceptable:
<!DOCTYPE html> <!doctype html> <!Doctype Html>


HTML Versions
Version Year
HTML 1991
HTML 2.0 1995
HTML 3.2 1997
HTML 4.01 1999
XHTML 2000
HTML5 2012



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